Humanoid robots 

A humanoid robot is a sophisticated machine, more specifically a robot whose construction is modeled on the human form. Often the positions of the joints and the movements of a humanoid robot are inspired by human joint positions and movements. Among other things, a humanoid robot usually runs on two legs. A form of the humanoid robot that is particularly similar in appearance and behavior to humans is the android.



Design can be for functional reasons, such as interaction with human tools and the environment, for experimental reasons, such as a study of locomotive (moving) systems or for other reasons.Researchers study the human body structure and behavior (biomechanics) to build humanoid robots. On the other side, the attempt to simulate the human body leads to a better understanding of it.It has been suggested that very advanced robotics will facilitate the enhancement of ordinary humans. See transhumanism.

Besides the research, humanoid robots are being developed to perform human tasks like personal assistance, through which they should be able to assist the sick and elderly, and dirty or dangerous jobs. Humanoids are also suitable for some procedurally-based vocations, such as reception-desk administrators and automotive manufacturing line workers. In essence, since they can use tools and operate equipment and vehicles designed for the human form, humanoids could theoretically perform any task a human being can, so long as they have the proper software. However, the complexity of doing so is immense.












Atlas from Boston Dynamics                TOPIO , Made to play pingpong

They are also becoming increasingly popular as entertainers. For example, Ursula, a female robot, sings, plays music, dances and speaks to her audiences at Universal Studios. Several Disney theme park shows utilize animatronic robots that look, move and speak much like human beings. Although these robots look realistic, they have no cognition or physical autonomy.

Nao's a robot designed for socializing. He also competes in the RoboCup Football Championship.

In the planning and control, the essential difference between humanoids and other kinds of robots (like industrial ones) is that the movement of the robot has to be human-like, using legged locomotion, especially biped gait. The ideal planning for humanoid movements during normal walking should result in minimal energy consumption, as it does in the human body. For this reason, studies on dynamics and control of these kinds of structures have become increasingly important.